托福閱讀句子的插入題詳解

where would the sentence best fit?

文章中會(huì)出現(xiàn)四個(gè)黑色的方框,要求考生將所給句子插入這四個(gè)位置中合適的一個(gè)位置。在考試時(shí),只要雙擊選定的黑色方框即可。這種題型重點(diǎn)考察考生對(duì)原文中的上下文語(yǔ)境和句子之間關(guān)系的把握。因此,解決這種題型的關(guān)鍵在于仔細(xì)閱讀待插入句子,從中提取能夠承上啟下的線索詞;然后,根據(jù)線索詞對(duì)上線文作出預(yù)測(cè);最后,回到原文讀預(yù)測(cè)內(nèi)容,并根據(jù)原文本身句子間連接的緊密度進(jìn)行排除即可。

掌握句子與句子之間的關(guān)聯(lián)方法是句子插入題的關(guān)鍵

1、形式上的關(guān)聯(lián)：主要為邏輯詞(因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)等)和指代詞;

2、語(yǔ)義上的關(guān)聯(lián)：重復(fù)的概念;

下面來(lái)看一道例題：whatdo you remember about your life before you were three? ■few people can remember anything that happened to them in their earlyyears.■adults memories of the next few years also tend to be scanty.■most people remember only a few events--usually ones that weremeaningful and distinctive,such as beinghospitalized or a sibling’ s birth. ■

look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can beadded to the passage.

other importantoccasions are school graduations and weddings.

where would the sentence best fit?

解析：仔細(xì)閱讀所給句子,從中提取線索詞;該句表示其它的重要事件包括畢業(yè)和結(jié)婚,句中主語(yǔ)other important occasions出現(xiàn)了other這個(gè)指示代詞,因此,我們可以預(yù)測(cè)前文一定出現(xiàn)過(guò)某些事件。接下來(lái),我們回到原文中至少?gòu)牡谝粋€(gè)黑方框前一句話開(kāi)始閱讀,在原文中尋找預(yù)測(cè)的內(nèi)容。在文章中的最后一句,說(shuō)大多數(shù)人僅僅記得一些事件(a few events),即那些有意義的和獨(dú)特的,例如住院或者兄弟姐妹的出生。因此,other important occasions應(yīng)該放在a few events之后,所以待插入句子只能放在最后的位置。

在以上內(nèi)容中,我們了解了句子插入題(insert text questions)主要考察的是句子與句子之間的關(guān)聯(lián)方式,并且分析了一道例題。這一章,我們繼續(xù)來(lái)分析一道例題,然后再來(lái)研究一下這種題型的出題原理。

【例】extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. ■how was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? ■missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans. ■very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. ■in 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern pakistan found what proved to be the oldest fossil whale.

look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.

this is a question that has puzzled scientists for ages.

where would the sentence best fit?

解析：在被插入句子中提到this is a question,說(shuō)明前文一定有提到過(guò)某個(gè)問(wèn)題;帶著這個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)信息回到原文中發(fā)現(xiàn),第一個(gè)黑方框后面即是一個(gè)疑問(wèn)句：how was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged?(走路的哺乳動(dòng)物和游泳的鯨魚(yú)之間的差異是如何過(guò)渡的?),所以把被插入句子放在第二個(gè)黑方框的位置,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明這個(gè)問(wèn)題是一個(gè)困擾了科學(xué)家很多年的問(wèn)題;因此正確答案為第二個(gè)黑方框。

根據(jù)上一章中的考點(diǎn)和兩道例題來(lái)看：首先,句子插入題只出現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第二道題的位置,在這道題之前我們已經(jīng)完成了至少10道題,而這道題需要我們插一句話到文章中;這就意味著這句話一定不能夠改變?cè)谋緛?lái)的內(nèi)容和意思;另外,我們可以猜測(cè)需要被插入的句子應(yīng)該是原文中本來(lái)存在的,而非出題者寫(xiě)的;因此,這種原文本身存在的,去掉又不會(huì)影響原文意思的句子,一定是文章中不重要的句子。而什么樣的句子在文章中不重要呢?一般來(lái)說(shuō),或者承接前文繼續(xù)解釋說(shuō)明,或者引出后文,或者承上啟下的過(guò)渡句。因此,句子插入題只需去找該句子和前后文的重復(fù)即可。

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