淺談托福聽力中的問答原則

由于托福聽力考試要求的特殊性,與雅思的聽力考試不同,托?？忌荒芡ㄟ^預(yù)覽聽力考題來對(duì)聽力材料中的重要內(nèi)容作一個(gè)預(yù)先判斷,故而,掌握如何在托福聽力材料中定位重要信息的能力對(duì)于托?？忌鷣碚f顯得至關(guān)重要。

除了聽力中幾乎"百發(fā)百中"的轉(zhuǎn)折原則外,問答原則也是在聽力材料中定位出題信息的一個(gè)重要原則。無(wú)論是在對(duì)話還是講座當(dāng)中,問答情境的出現(xiàn)通常都是對(duì)聽力材料中涉及的重要問題的明確與深入探討,對(duì)于問題的回答往往就是對(duì)聽力主線內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步闡釋說明,故而一問一答的內(nèi)容往往就是出題點(diǎn)所在,此部分的信息是考生解題的重要線索與依據(jù),需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注。

下面將以tpo真題中的具體實(shí)例說明問答原則如何能夠幫助考生在托福聽力中定位重點(diǎn)出題信息。

conversation篇

托福聽力中conversation涉及的主要是學(xué)生求助他人解決實(shí)際問題或授課內(nèi)容疑難點(diǎn)的場(chǎng)景,問答原則在對(duì)話中的主要體現(xiàn)在于一、明確學(xué)生的主要問題 --- conversation必考的主旨題往往是在學(xué)生與教授或工作人員的問答中得以體現(xiàn),其中：對(duì)話的目的主旨往往直接就是學(xué)生的問題所在,對(duì)話的大意主旨也都是在對(duì)話雙方的不斷應(yīng)答中得以揭示的；以及二、探討、解決問題過程中的重要環(huán)節(jié)與步驟,在對(duì)話中基于不同問題或疑惑的解答往往是涉及對(duì)話主線的重要信息,通常在聽力中會(huì)以細(xì)節(jié)題的形式進(jìn)行考察。

例1：tpo6 conversation1當(dāng)中,學(xué)生因不明確校園招聘會(huì)具體面向什么學(xué)生群體而特意前去咨詢,此處涉及的是對(duì)對(duì)話目的主旨的考察。

tpo-6 conversation-1

narrator

listen to a conversation between a student and an employee in the universitys

career services office.

student

hi, do you have a minute?

employee

sure, how can i help you?

student

i have a couple of questions about the career fair next week.

employee

ok, shoot.

student

um ...well, are seniors the only ones who can go?（q1） i mean, you know, they are

finishing school this year and getting their degrees and everything. and, well, it

seems like businesses would wanna talk to them and not first year students

like me.

employee

no, no, the career fair is opened to all our students and we encourage anyone

whos interested to go check it out.

1. why does the student go to the career services office?

● to confirm the date and time of the career fair

● to learn the location of the career fair

● to find out he is allowed to attend the career fair

● to get advice about interviewing at the career fair

例2：tpo8 conversation1當(dāng)中,學(xué)生去辦理學(xué)位證,但因不明白辦理的具體要求,學(xué)生遇到了一些麻煩。

tpo-8 conversation-1

stu

hi, id like to drop of my graduation form; i understand you need this in order to  process my diploma.

reg

ok, i will take that. before you leave, lets me check our computer. looks like you are  ok for graduation, and actually, i am getting a warning fly on your academic record  here.

stu

really?

reg

yeah. lets see was what. are you familiar with your graduation requirements?（q2）

stu

yes, i think so

reg

then you know you need 48 credits in your major field to graduate and at least 24  credits in the intermediate level or higher. also, after your second year, you have to  meet with your department chair to outline a plan for the rest of your time here.(q2) in the  past, we also issue letters before students final year began to let them know what  they needed to take in the final year to be ok, but we dont do that anymore.

stu

i definitely met with my chair person 2 years ago; he told me that i need 8 more  courses at the intermediate level or higher in the last 2 years to be ok. so i am not  sure what the problem is, i make sure i got these credits.

2.according to the registrar, what step is currently taken to ensure that students fulfill their graduation requirements?

●academic records are regularly checked by the registrars office

●students meet with a department chairperson to plan their course work

●students receive letters listing the courses that they still need to take

●warning letters are sent to students who have fallen behind in their course work

例3：tpo14 conversation2當(dāng)中,學(xué)生想轉(zhuǎn)新聞專業(yè),老師向其解釋學(xué)校并沒有設(shè)置新聞專業(yè),且就讀新聞專業(yè)并不是要成為記者的必要條件。

student:

yeah… anyway, i am glad you schedule this meeting because i want to change my

major to journalism now.

advisor:

um,the university doesnt offer a major in journalism.

student:

oh no…

advisor:

but….

student:

i… i mean… should i transfer to another school, or major in english?

advisor:

er… wait a minute. let me explain why the major isnt offered. editors at newspapers… editors… um… i mean when you apply for a reporting job, editors look

at the two things(q2)--- they want to see clips, you know, some of your published articles(q3), though also want you to try out, though give you an assignment like… covering press conferences of some other event, then see if you can craft the story about it, accurately, on dead line(q3).

3. according to advisor, how do newspaper editors evaluate an applicant for a

reporting position?

clickon 2 answers.

they ask the applicant to present ideas for news stories.

they ask the applicant to write a news story.

they review the applicants university course work.

they review a sample of the applicants published articles.