GMAT閱讀長句修飾成分該如何解

從廣義上來說，從句、分詞、不定式、插入語、介詞短語等都可以看作GMAT閱讀的復(fù)雜修飾成分，帶有這些復(fù)雜修飾成分的句子都比較長，讀起來拗口。在遇到這類句子時，我們不必細(xì)細(xì)梳理，而要先抓住句子主干。有些成分根本就對我們做題沒有任何影響，倘若浪費太多時間去分析句子的某一處，豈不是浪費寶貴時間!這實際上就是一個去粗取精，去偽存真的過程。

1. 首先，我們要明確長句究竟在哪里斷開，找到有用的，拋棄無用的。先來看看下面這個句子：Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.考試吧論壇

2. 在閱讀時要注意辨別這些復(fù)雜修飾成分，找出真正的主語和謂語。很顯然，這句話應(yīng)該在冒號處斷開，冒號后是對前半句的解釋，所以在讀在這句話時，我們不必把太多精力放在前半句上，而要著重理解后半句，這才是與文章內(nèi)容相關(guān)的部分。整句話的復(fù)雜修飾成分包括介詞短語in the best of circumstances, from larger, more established companies，以及不定式to broaden their customer bases，和現(xiàn)在分詞arising from their current success.

再來看一個復(fù)雜修飾成分為從句的例子：Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.

3. 原句中的定語從句、賓語從句對句意表達(dá)的作用不大，可以略過不讀。通過對復(fù)雜修飾成分的加工處理，這個句子變得十分簡單：One of the principal reasons is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts.

GMAT閱讀的復(fù)雜修飾成分往往放在一個比較復(fù)雜的句子框架中，例如下面這句話Although the samurais had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive.

4. 先明確句子大體框架再剝離復(fù)雜修飾成分。整個句子是鑲嵌在although…it is not surprising 這個框架中的，但是由于中間插入成分多，容易打斷考生思路，導(dǎo)致無法準(zhǔn)確把握句意，同時運用了介詞短語by years of peace，定語從句tasks that….以及過去分詞encouraged to…。

通過分析，我們可以看出GMAT閱讀長句并不是那么難以攻克的，干擾阻礙我們解題的無非就是以上幾種常見的形式，辨別并適當(dāng)處理其復(fù)雜修飾成分能幫助考生快速領(lǐng)會文章實質(zhì)，輕松應(yīng)對考題，以不變應(yīng)萬變。