GRE閱讀：如何解答邏輯題

1,parland’s alligator population has been declining in recent years,primarily because of hunting. alligators prey heavily on a species of freshwater fish that is highly valued as food by parilanders,who had hoped that the decline in the alligator population would lead to an increase in the numbers of these fish available for human consumption. yet the population of this fish has also declined,even though the annual number caught for human consumption has not increased.

p地區(qū)的短吻鱷數(shù)量近些年下降,主要原因是捕獵。短吻鱷捕食的淡水魚是p居民的食物,p居民希望短吻鱷數(shù)量的下降可以導(dǎo)致這種可供人們消費(fèi)的魚的數(shù)量上升。但是這種魚的數(shù)量也下降了,盡管它每年被人類抓住消費(fèi)的的量沒(méi)有增加。

which of following,if true,most help to explain the decline in the population of the fish species?

下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)如果是對(duì)的,最有效地解釋了魚的數(shù)量下降?

a.the decline in the alligator population has meant that fishers can work in some parts of lakes and rivers that were formerly too dangerous.

短吻鱷數(shù)量的下降意味著漁民可以到以前湖里和江河里那些以前很危險(xiǎn)的地方工作。

b.over the last few years,parland’s commercial fishing enterprises have increased the number of fishing boats they use.

過(guò)去幾年,p的漁業(yè)公司增加了它們使用的捕魚船數(shù)量。

c.the main predator of these fish is another species of fish on which alligator also prey.

這種魚的主要捕食者是另一種也被短吻鱷捕食的魚

d.many parlanders who hunt alligators do so because of the high market price of alligator skins,not because of the threat alligators pose to the fish population.

許多居民捕獵短吻鱷是因?yàn)轺{魚皮市場(chǎng)價(jià)格高,而不是因?yàn)樗{到魚的數(shù)量。

e.in several neighboring countries through which parland’s rivers also flow,alligators are at risk of extinction as a result of extensive hunting.

在一些p河流經(jīng)的鄰近國(guó)家,短吻鱷有滅絕的危險(xiǎn)因?yàn)椴东C。

解析：

a.漁民在哪工作,不能解釋為什么短吻鱷數(shù)量下降,淡水魚的數(shù)量也下降。

b.易錯(cuò)項(xiàng)。文章說(shuō)得很清楚,人們消費(fèi)捕食魚的數(shù)量沒(méi)有上升,所以即使增加了捕魚船的數(shù)量,也不能說(shuō)明魚被捕的多,所以不能解釋魚的數(shù)量下降。

c.正確答案。由于短吻鱷的數(shù)量減少,另一種該淡水魚的捕食者數(shù)量就很可能增加,是它們捕食更多的淡水魚,解釋了為什么淡水魚的數(shù)量減少。

d.捕獵短吻鱷的原因,和文章要解釋現(xiàn)象,即為什么魚的數(shù)量下降無(wú)關(guān)。

e.短吻鱷有滅絕風(fēng)險(xiǎn),和文章要解釋現(xiàn)象,即為什么魚的數(shù)量下降無(wú)關(guān)。

思路：文章中出現(xiàn)上升下降,正確答案往往體現(xiàn)出變化。

變化：短吻鱷變少

相應(yīng)變化：魚的另一種捕食者數(shù)量變多

2.in virtually any industry,technological improvements increase labor productivity,which is the output of goods and services per person-hour worked. in parland’s industries,labor productivity is significantly higher than it is in vergia’s industries. clearly,therefore,parland’s industries must,on the whole,be further advanced technologically than vergia’s are.

對(duì)于任何工業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō),技術(shù)的改善提高工人的生產(chǎn)率,即每人每小時(shí)工作生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的量。p的工業(yè)的工人生產(chǎn)率比v的工業(yè)高。所以很明顯,p的工業(yè)整體一定比v技術(shù)先進(jìn)。

the argument is most vulnerable to which of the following criticisms?

下列哪個(gè)批評(píng)指出的論證的錯(cuò)誤?

a.it offers a conclusion that is no more than a paraphrase of one of the pieces of information provided in its support.

它給出了一個(gè)結(jié)論,該結(jié)論無(wú)非是文中提供支持結(jié)論的一個(gè)信息的同義改寫

b.it presents as evidence in support of a claim information that is inconsistent with other evidence presented in support of the same claim.

它作為一個(gè)支持一個(gè)主張的證據(jù),和支持同樣主張的證據(jù)不一致。

c.it takes one possible cause of a condition to be the actual cause of that condition without considering any other possible causes.

它采用了一個(gè)可能的原因用來(lái)當(dāng)做那個(gè)狀況的真實(shí)原因,而沒(méi)考慮任何其他任何可能的原因。

d.it takes a condition to be the effect of something that happened only after the condition already existed.

它認(rèn)定一個(gè)情況是某件事的效果,這件事情是在該情況已經(jīng)存在之后發(fā)生的。

e.it makes a distinction that presupposes the truth of the conclusion that is to be established.

它造成了一個(gè)區(qū)別,這個(gè)區(qū)別取決于所建立結(jié)論的真實(shí)性。

解析：

a.不是文章論據(jù)的同義改寫,錯(cuò)誤

b.質(zhì)疑論據(jù)。

c.正確答案。盡管技術(shù)進(jìn)步是一個(gè)影響生產(chǎn)率的因素,但不意味著是唯一因素。

d.文章中的技術(shù)進(jìn)步和生產(chǎn)率是有先后順序的,并不可以顛倒,錯(cuò)誤

e.文章沒(méi)有建立某個(gè)區(qū)別。錯(cuò)誤