GRE閱讀：長(zhǎng)難句分析

1. as my own studies have advanced,i have been increasingly impressed with the functionalsimilarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem,at first glance,to constitute such an immense gulf between them. (5)

隨著我的研究不斷深入,我對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)和脊椎動(dòng)物群落之間的功能類似性印象愈來(lái)愈深刻,而對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異印象愈發(fā)淡漠,雖然這些結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異初看上去似乎構(gòu)成了二者間一條無(wú)法愈越的鴻溝。

2. although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances,its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological,and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.(4)

雖然小說(shuō)無(wú)疑起源于政治情狀,但其作者則是以非意識(shí)形態(tài)的方式對(duì)這些政治情狀作出反應(yīng)的,而將小說(shuō)和故事主要地當(dāng)作意識(shí)形態(tài)的工具來(lái)探討,會(huì)在相當(dāng)程度上阻礙小說(shuō)事業(yè)。

3. is this a defect,or are the authors working out of,or trying to forge,a different kind of aesthetic? (3)

這究竟是一種缺陷呢,還是這些作者想要按照一種與眾不同的美學(xué)體系進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作,抑或是在試圖創(chuàng)立一種與眾不同的美學(xué)體系?

4. in addition, the style of some black novels, like jean toomer’s cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism ; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression ? (5)

不僅如此,有些黑人小說(shuō)(比如jt的甘蔗)的風(fēng)格接近與表現(xiàn)主義和超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義;這種技巧是否為流行的主題提供了一個(gè)和諧的對(duì)應(yīng)呢?這種主題刻畫了黑人注意與之相抗?fàn)幍拿\(yùn),這是一個(gè)通常用更為自然主義的表現(xiàn)手法所表達(dá)的主題。

5. black fiction surveys a wide variety of novels,bringing to our attention in theprocess some fascinating and little-known works like james weldonjohnson’s autobiography of an ex-colored man. (4)注意：bring a to b ——〉bring to b a

《黑人小說(shuō)》考察了極為廣泛的一系列小說(shuō), 在此過(guò)程中讓我們注意到了某些引人入勝但卻鮮為人知的作品,如詹姆斯。韋爾登。約翰遜(james weldon johnson)的《一個(gè)曾經(jīng)是有色人的自傳》(autobiography of an ex-colored man)。

6. although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated,to pass through,they absorb some of the longer-wavelength,infrared emissions radiated from the earth’s surface,radiation that wouldotherwise be transmitted back into space. (4)

雖然這些分子允許可見(jiàn)波長(zhǎng)(visible wavelength)的輻射——陽(yáng)光的絕大部分能量就匯集于此——不受阻擋地穿透,但它們卻會(huì)吸收某些較長(zhǎng)波長(zhǎng)(longer- wavelength),亦即從地球表面輻射出的紅外發(fā)射(infrared emission),這種輻射若不是二氧化碳的緣故就會(huì)被重新輸送回太空。

7. the role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictatingthe details of human behavior but oneof imposing constraints—ways offeeling,thinking,and acting that"come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture. (4)

這些人類學(xué)家所歸諸于生物進(jìn)化的作用,不是規(guī)定人類行為的種種細(xì)節(jié),而是將各種限制強(qiáng)加于人類——即在任何文化的典型情景中都會(huì)自然表露的情感、思維、以及行動(dòng)方式。

8. which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the details versus constraints distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior? (5)

以下哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)最有可能為文章中所談到的與人類行為有關(guān)的人類行為細(xì)節(jié)相對(duì)人類所受限制之間的差異,從人類形態(tài)的角度上提供了一個(gè)合適的類比?

9. a low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested,but did not prove, that the grazershad removed most of the algae. (3+)

在存在大量食草動(dòng)物的同時(shí)卻只有少量的水藻花粉囊,這暗示出——但沒(méi)能證明——食草動(dòng)物已吞噬了大部分水藻。

10. perhaps the fact many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton (nannoplankton) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research. (5)

可能這樣一個(gè)事實(shí),那就是很多這樣的最初的研究只是考慮了那些能夠用網(wǎng)撈起來(lái)的大小的水藻,這樣一個(gè)忽視了更小的浮游生物(而這些浮游生物我們現(xiàn)在知道是捕食者主要的食物)的做法,導(dǎo)致了在接下來(lái)的研究中對(duì)于捕食者的作用的貶低。